تأثير الترجمة من الفرنسية على تطور اللغة العربية المعاصرة في القرن التاسع عشر: دراسة في المدونات اللغوية (لسانيات المتون) نموذجًا
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52747/aqujall.4.01.422الكلمات المفتاحية:
لسانيات المتون، دراسات الترجمة، تاريخ اللغة العربية، علم اللغة التاريخي، اللغة العربية، اللغة الفرنسيةالملخص
بناء على ما جاء في الدراسات التي أثبتت أن اللغات تتجدد تحت تأثير الترجمة (Arduini 2021; Bassnett 2005; Mounin 1965; Nergaard 1993)، تتناول هذه الورقة تأثير حركة الترجمة من الفرنسية إلى العربية التي بدأت في مصر أثناء حملة نابليون واستمرت طوال القرن التاسع عشر أثناء حكم محمد علي باشا والخديويي إسماعيل. وتنطلق الدراسة من الدراسات النوعية السابقة التي قد أشارت إلى هذه المرحلة الانتقالية في تطور اللغة العربية المعاصرة (المغربي 1947؛ اليازجي1901؛ حجازي 1985؛ خليل 1981؛ Avino 2020؛ Stetkevych 1973). وتعتمد هذه الدراسة على منهج أسلوبي إحصائي لرصد تلك التطورات، كما تكشف الدراسة عن تطورات أخرى لم يتم الالتفات إليها من قبل، حيث استفادت هذه الدراسة من دراسات المدونات اللغوية ولسانيات المتون (McEnery and Wilson 2011; Stefanowitsch 2020)، وذلك من خلال إنشاء مدونة لغوية تاريخية (diachronic corpus) تشمل 12 مؤلفًا ومترجمًا، 24 كتابًا، و1,400,000 كلمة. من خلال تحليل متلازمات المفردات (collocations)، تحلل الدراسة تأثير الترجمة من الفرنسية على التطور المعجمي والدلالي للمفردات العربية. وتم اختيار نموذجين ألا وهما كلمة "أمة" للمجال السياسي، وكلمة "كهرباء" للمجال العلمي. وبهذا تكون الدراسة قد قدمت أدلة إحصائية دقيقة لوقائع تشير إلى تأثير حركة الترجمة من الفرنسية العربية على تطور اللغة العربية المعاصرة في المعجم وفي بناء الجملة.
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