المنطق الأرسطيّ عند الغزاليّ وموقف العلماء منه: دراسة تحليليّة استقرائيّة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52747/aqujssis.5.01.402الكلمات المفتاحية:
المنطق الأرسطي، الإمام الغزالي، الفكر الإسلامي، التوفيق بين الدين والفلسفة، توظيف المنطق في الفقه، معارضة المنطق، القياس المنطقيالملخص
شغل المنطق اليوناني المسلمين مع ترجمة كتب أرسطو المنطقية، وتباينت آراء العلماء تجاهه، وازداد الأمر تعقيداً بدفاع عالم بارز عنه؛ لهذا يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة موقف الإمام الغزاليّ من المنطق الأرسطيّ، من خلال دراسة كتاباته عن المنطق في كتبه المنطقية لمعرفة رأيه وحكمه عليه، وكيف كان اهتمامه به؟ والأسباب التي دعته لتأييده والدفاع عنه. والموقف النهائي له تجاه المنطق، وما الذي فعله ليضمن استمراره في البيئة الإسلامية؟ كما تناولت الدراسة أثر موقف الغزاليّ فيمن جاء بعده من العلماء، والأثر الذي ترتّب على إدخال المنطق واستعماله في العلوم الشرعية على يد الغزاليّ. وقد استخدم الباحث في إنجاز هذا البحث منهجين بحثيين، هما: المنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج التحليلي. وتوصل البحث إلى أن الغزاليّ يقول بعمومية التفكير المنطقي، وعدم احتكار أمة بعينها لعلم المنطق دون الأمم الأخرى، لهذا كان الغزاليّ مؤيداً للمنطق، مؤمنًا بفائدته وبيقينية قضاياه؛ وذلك بعد دراسته الجيدة لمذاهب الفلاسفة وإلمامه الكبير بالمنطق. ما جعله يعمل على تذويب حدة الخلاف بين المنطق وبين رافضيه، ومن ثم قام بإدخاله على المسلمين وتطبيقه على العلوم الإسلامية عامة، وعلمي الكلام وأصول الفقه خاصة، والراجح أن عمل الغزاليّ هذا لم يكن انحرافاً بقدر ما كان غرضه تقوية الاستدلال الإسلامي وضبطه. وختاما أوصى الباحث إجراء دراسة تحليليّة لكتاب القسطاس المستقيم للغزاليّ؛ لمعرفة الإضافة العلمية التي قدمها في مجال المنطق، وكيفية توظيفه للمفاهيم المنطقية في الاستدلال الشرعيّ والعقديّ.
التنزيلات
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